Which method is effective for improving soil health in sustainable cotton farming?

The effective method for improving soil health in sustainable cotton farming is crop rotation with legumes. This practice enhances soil health in several ways. When legumes are included in a crop rotation system, they help fix nitrogen in the soil, which is essential for plant nutrition. The process of nitrogen fixation improves soil fertility, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers.

Additionally, crop rotation breaks the cycle of pests and diseases that can build up in monoculture systems, promoting a more balanced ecosystem. The diversity of plant roots also contributes to improved soil structure, water infiltration, and organic matter content. Overall, this method fosters a more resilient soil ecosystem, which is crucial for sustainable agriculture.

In contrast, practices such as over-tilling can lead to soil degradation and loss of soil structure, while increased chemical inputs may harm beneficial soil organisms and degrade soil health over time. Continuous monoculture can deplete soil nutrients and increase the risk of pests and diseases, further compromising soil vitality.