Which indicator is crucial for soil health in cotton farming?

Organic matter content is a critical indicator of soil health in cotton farming for several reasons. It plays a vital role in enhancing soil structure, which improves aeration and water infiltration, both essential for cotton root development. High organic matter levels contribute to the nutrient-holding capacity of the soil, ensuring an adequate supply of essential nutrients to the cotton plants. Additionally, organic matter supports a diverse microbiome within the soil, fostering beneficial organisms that help in nutrient cycling and organic matter breakdown, further enriching the soil and promoting healthier plant growth.

In contrast, while pH levels, soil compaction, and moisture levels are important factors in soil health and fertility, they do not have the same comprehensive impact as organic matter. pH influences the availability of nutrients, but without adequate organic matter, the soil's ability to retain and supply those nutrients may be compromised. Soil compaction can impede root growth and water movement, yet addressing compaction alone does not enhance the soil's fertility or biological activity. Moisture levels are critical for plant growth, but they depend on the soil's structure and retention capabilities, which is directly affected by the organic matter content. Thus, organic matter is foundational to maintaining overall soil health and productivity in cotton farming.